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Lewis, Ronald L. Coal, Iron, and Slaves: Industrial Slavery in Maryland and Virginia, 1715–1865. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, 1979. 

Martin, Jonathan D. Divided Mastery: Slave Hiring in the American South. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2004. 

Murphy, Sharon Ann. “Securing Human Property: Slavery, Life Insurance, and Industrialization in the Upper South.” The Journal of the Early Republic 25, no. 4 (winter 2005): 615–652. 

Savitt, Todd L., “Slave Life Insurance in Virginia and North Carolina,” Journal of Southern History 43, no. 4 (November 1977): 583–600. 

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